Ferdy on Films, etc.

Film reviews and commentary, random thoughts on the world around us, blatant promotion of favorite charities, and other ponderables.

The Second Annual White Elephant Blogathon

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Theodore Rex (1995)
Director/Screenwriter: Jonathan R. Betuel

I read about this blogathon hosted by Lucid Screening that sounded kinda cool and like something I used to like to do with my film buds. Assign a movie to someone they would never ordinarily see and let them assign one to you. View and exchange notes.

Now, I can’t say I didn’t know what I might be in for. The event is called a White Elephant Blogathon, so I knew the films being exchanged would be clunkers. But I didn’t think anyone would truly be cruel—I knew I wouldn’t be. We’re supposed to have fun, right, not inflict maximum pain?

Well, whoever pulled Theodore Rex out of the tortured recesses of their demented mind just for this occasion will be another extinct being to add to the dinosaurs, passenger pigeons, and dodo birds if ever I get my hands on him or her. This movie isn’t dumb. It isn’t gross. It isn’t juvenile. I have a lot of respect for dumb, gross, and juvenile. This movie is even worse than the Preminger Abomination (don’t ask, I cannot speak its name). It is a crime against humanity. It should be put on trial. It should be disemboweled and hung by the neck until dead. Everyone who agreed to make it should be fired, thrown out of their respective unions, tarred and feathered, and sent to live in Chernobyl.

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What’s it about? Does it matter? I’m sure its creator, Jonathan Betuel, wrote it as occupational therapy with the help of celebrity addicts Britney Spears, Lindsay Lohan, and Tom Sizemore (he contributed the detective angle) while they were riding out the DTs. In the end, it’s just a bunch of starving actors dressed up like dinosaurs that fart, lust, and whack people with their tails. Now, Theodore Rex (voice of George Newbern, body of somebody too embarrassed to show his face) did have a certain je ne sais quoi. No, really, I have no idea what he had. And, of course, we can't forget, as much as we might try, the infamous Whoopi Goldberg in a dive suit fitted with shoulder pads recycled from Sean Young’s black suit in Blade Runner. Maybe Whoopi should have been wearing fins, too; it might have made the film funnier. At least you could look forward to her tripping and landing on her ass.

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Whoopi won a Razzie for her brain-dead appearance in this fugtacular. I’m on the fence as to whether she really deserved it. She didn’t do anything but show up and move her lips. She never tried to create a character, like it wasn’t worth her time. Well, I’m sorry, but Razzies really should only go to bad performances. Maybe if she had flirted a little with Rodney, the dinosaur shown above that had the hots for her, I could lay my doubts to rest. Rodney, at least, gave it a try, though the possibility that he could actually be attracted to Whoopi were slim to none. I think this is a case where the Foundation awarded the film, not the actress.

Also caught in the headlights were Armin Mueller-Stahl, a German actor cast as—what else?—a bad guy. Poor Juliet Landau—you’d think being the daughter of super-cool Barbara Bain and Oscar winner Martin Landau would mean a lifetime free of bad or kooky roles. So far, though, I’ve only seen her play evil Englishwomen—Druscilla (what a name to be stuck with!) on the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Veronica Shade (so close to very hip Veruca Salt, and yet so far) in this atrocity. Even the normally perky voice of Carol Kane sounded listless and depressed. And I’ll never be able to look at hunky Richard Roundtree the same way again.

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Curse the Red Betuel and his kind! Curse the wickedness in this world! Curse the evil that causes all this unhappiness!

Happy April Fools Day! The joke was definitely on me. l

Ebertfest-HERO%20edit1.JPGEbertfest 2008

April 23-27
Virginia Theatre
203 Park Ave.
Champaign, Illinois

As a veteran of almost every Ebertfest ever held, I can tell you that this is an event not to be missed. The films are always a revelation and the guests, oh, the guests, are not to be beat. Last year, I got to watch Paul Cox pit his morbid outlook on life with Werner Herzog's mordant sense of humor. In previous years, I've been privileged to listen to conversations between Roger and John Sayles and Maggie Renzi, Bertrand Tavernier, Miranda July, Ayesha Dharkar (star of The Terrorist), Tian Ming-Wu (director of King of Masks), and so many more that only the likes of Roger Ebert could entice to come to a college town in the middle of nowhere.

Champaign is a pleasant town with some nice restaurants and shops and the beautiful Virginia Theatre, looking better every year as restoration work continues, largely through the financial windfall that is Ebertfest. What's nice about this festival is how laid back it is. Despite its growing popularity, the filmgoers are still mainly townspeople and university faculty and students. The free children's show every year brings a new generation of film lovers in in droves. Roger and his wife Chaz are very approachable and friendly, even last year, when Roger, struck dumb by a tracheostomy tube, still had a smile, a thumbs up, and an autograph for all comers to his La-Z-Boy lounger in the back of the theatre.

I've been waiting weeks for the schedule to come out, and now here it is:

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 23

7:00 pm

Hamlet (1996)

THURSDAY, APRIL 24

1:00 pm

Delirious (2006)
Guest: Tom DiCillo, director

4:00 pm

Yes (2004)
Guests (tentative): Sally Potter, director, Christopher Sheppard, producer

8:30 pm

Canvas (2006)
preceded by Citizen Cohl: The Untold Story (2006), a short film tribute to Dusty Cohl
Guests: Joey Pantoliano, cast, Adam Hammel, producer, Lucy Engibarian-Hammel, producer, Joseph Greco, director, Barry Avrich, director (Citizen Cohl)

FRIDAY, APRIL 25

11:30 am


Shotgun Stories (2007)
Guest: Jeff Nichols, director

2:30 pm

Underworld (1927)
Music: The Alloy Orchestra

7:00 pm

The Real Dirt on Farmer John (2005)
Guests: John Peterson, documentary subject, Taggart Siegel, director

10:00 pm

Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985)
Guest: Paul Schrader, director

SATURDAY, APRIL 26

11:00 am


Hulk (2003)
Guest: Ang Lee, director

3:00 pm

The Band's Visit (2007)
Guest: Eran Kolirin, director

7:30 pm

Housekeeping (1987)
Guests: Bill Forsyth, director, Christine Lahti, cast

11:00 pm

The Cell (2000)
Guest: Tarsem Singh, director

SUNDAY, APRIL 27

Noon


Romance & Cigarettes (2005)
Guests: Aida Turturro, cast, Tricia Brouk, choreographer

For more information, go to the Ebertfest Web site.

Juno%202.jpgJuno (2007)
Director: Jason Reitman

By Roderick Heath

Queuing for Juno, I noticed that I was surrounded by mothers with Goth-tinged adolescent daughters dressed in 3-inch platform boots and multicoloured socks. I began to realise why the film I was about to see had been such a success. Actually viewing the film confirmed my suspicions. Juno presents a motor-mouthed young heroine (Ellen Page) with a love of punk rock and gory horror films who gets pregnant, but without being labeled as a slut, a tragedy in the making, or a symbol. Her working-class father and step-mother (J.K. Simmons and Allison Janney) are not crack addicts or rednecks, but rather kindly, witty people. Our heroine and her girlfriends lust after a wide variety of men without embarrassment, from the skinny twits of the school running team to Franklin “the hottie with polio" Roosevelt and the bearded, paunch-gutted science teacher. Finally, the young male protagonist, Paulie Bleeker (Michael Cera), is a gentle-souled, bewildered creature rather than a perpetually horny jerkwad. In short, Juno pays attention to people, and especially young women, who very rarely see themselves in movies.

I was something of the Juno myself in high school—with obvious differences, of course. Thus, much to my surprise I came out of Juno admiring it. Even more pointedly, screenwriter Diablo Cody takes some delightful, much-needed potshots at tedious, official pieties and the overwhelming nature of modern newspeak, such as Juno's inability to stomach the phrase "sexually active" or the idea that young single motherhood is necessarily a short cut to hell.

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Juno has something to say that needs to be heard, which in the end, is what makes its shortcomings all the more egregious. Original as it might be in its spin on the situation it presents, and charming and funny as it is in spots, it is a rigorously unoriginal film, often twee, phony, and occasionally boring. It's as brightly coloured, smooth on the palate, and nutrition-depleted as a double scoop of Rocky Road ice cream. Cody and Director Jason Reitman have thoroughly perused the handbook for creating an indie charmer. Smart-aleck dialogue perpetually infused with pop-culture obsession and ironic displays and reactions from unexpected characters. Wall-to-wall gee-tar strummin' sing-songy folk music on the soundtrack. (If Wes Anderson has not yet begun his lawsuit, I urgently counsel that he does.) Pretensions to honesty by having sequences where people converse and nod with bewilderment and discomfort. This style of film making is becoming as formulaic and cliché-ridden as the studio material it was supposed to supplant.

Cody toys with taking a stand, but does not actually go anywhere, deflating both liberal and conservative agendas inherent in the tale. When Juno initially intends to obtain an abortion, she encounters one anti-abortion protestor at the clinic she goes to who proves to be her schoolmate Su-Chin (Valerie Tian), a bespectacled, comically awkward girl whose clumsy entreaty "Your baby has fingernails!" nonetheless hits its mark. But to make sure we know the film is not pumping some right-wing screed, it later serves up a grating moment when Juno's stepmother Bren gives an ultrasound technician a tongue lashing when she says "Thank god!" on finding Juno is not going to raise the child herself. It's obviously supposed to be a cheer-along scene for offended feminists and liberals, but is actually just hectoring and nasty, trying for a pay-off the film has not earned.

Most of the narrative is dedicated to Juno's decision to give her child up for adoption to Mark and Vanessa Loring (Jason Bateman and Jennifer Garner), an apparently prosperous middle-class couple. Mark used to be a rock musician and is subtly embittered at being reduced to keeping his comics collection in the basement, composing ad jingles for a living; he’s not nearly as enthused about becoming a parent as his brittle, desperately clucky wife. Juno strikes up a friendship with the boy-man Mark, hanging around with him, swapping loves in music and watching gore films together. But she soon finds herself disillusioned as Mark confesses to her that he wants to divorce Vanessa and return to his wannabe rock star life. It's here that I found the film most interesting, these being the characters with the most actual conflict. Unfortunately, almost without exception, the film's characterizations are one-note.

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All this takes place in a spit-polished universe where stretch marks, breast milk leakage, welfare, and schoolyard taunts don't occur—or if they do, they're certainly off screen. Mark and Vanessa are canned types. To make sure we know Vanessa's a ditzy bourgeois, attention is drawn to her fastidious dressing and her Pilates equipment, and the film wrings laughs out of the audience (at least the one I was with) in watching her girlish longing. Ah, that everyone could be as totally rad and cool as Juno herself, she who sits about mouthing essays that sound like they were composed by Village Voice writers. But the film has nothing actual to say about whether or not moneyed but emotionally retarded people make better parents than the young and goofy but well-loved. Juno skips around that question. Mark and Vanessa break up, but Vanessa still takes the baby, which, we are assured, will make her settle down and feel better.

There's no gritty intimacy at all here, and most of the pregnancy gags were done better in sit-coms of years previous—which is basically what Juno is. I could see it being spun out into a long-running, well-loved TV show—“Juno and Friends," or something, in which Juno tries to get on with her life but still has Vanessa leaning on her, with occasional guest appearances by Jason Bateman—wow, it's 80s-rific already. Whilst lathering its audience with “nonconformist" sensibilities, Juno simultaneously avoids anything actually messy, uncomfortable, or edgy. The script toys with darker elements, such as preternaturally mature Juno's almost-flirtatious relationship with Mark, but settles instead for giving us a conclusion where Juno and Paulie sit together strumming folk guitar together. Aw, ain't that cute? Her sexual relationship with the barely characterized Paulie (perhaps unintentional revenge for all the sweet-nothing female romantic interests in cinema history) is so watered down it might as well be a virgin birth, despite the strained frankness of Juno admiring young joggers for their "pork swords."

The dialogue has the self-impressed clip, hip, and attitude quotient of a 16-year-old girl's blog writing, without the musicality and muscle that makes other purveyors of arch speech, like Tarantino and Mamet, work. It's often funny, but in a highly facile fashion—at times, I questioned whether I really wanted to go on watching a film where people speak lines like "Honest to blog?" Many critics gave the film kudos for getting over itself and delivering emotion after all the wisecracks. But I was never convinced.

Worse, Juno is a precisely, preciously accessorized in a panoply of alt-culture checklist items. Multi-coloured socks. Classic Punk rock. Herschell Gordon Lewis. Sonic Youth. Hamburger-shaped phones. Paulie listens to Astrud Gilberto. How many teenage boys do you know who listen to Astrud Gilberto? Juno is like the preloaded iPod of movies. It’s self-referential smugness defined. Yes, indeed, pop culture is a modern form of communication between individuals, and though stylised, Cody's presentation of the bonds it forms between people is relevant, but without any actual analysis. "Remarks are not literature," Gertrude Stein famously told Hemingway. Someone should tell Cody the same thing.

Would Juno herself, I thought, actually watch this film?

juno%205.jpgIf there's a genuine quality to Juno, it's the strength of the acting. Page is terrific at making her conceit of a character work, Simmons is one of the masterful comic actors of the age, and Garner is luminous, continuing her career of being the best thing about mediocre projects. Perhaps it's just as well that Juno is what it is. If you only watched Larry Clark, Gus Van Sant, and Todd Solondz films (and their European counterparts), you'd come to the conclusion that modern teenage life is a Beckett-like wasteland inhabited by murderers, glue sniffers, and pedophiles. Proposing itself as raw realism, that tired ennui is as much of a put-on as Juno's sunny glibness. Both varieties of teen experience attempt to gratify their audience in false ways: either fulfilling the desire in the audience to be riled, offended, to have their grimmer perspectives confirmed, or presenting a world as generally blithe as its main characters. Juno is something like wish fulfillment—not that there’s anything especially wrong with that. l

2008 European Union Film Festival

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Time to Die (Pora umierać, 2007)
Director/Screenwriter: Dorota Kędzierzawska

By Marilyn Ferdinand

When one crosses the 50-yard-line of life, as I have, and the adults one grew up with leave this mortal coil one by one, thoughts of the end of life are inevitable. Will I still be able to remain independent, or will I be sick, feeble, or even lose my mind to dementia or Alzheimer’s? How will my younger family members regard and treat me? Will I lose my place in the stream of life before I die? How can I make my old age and death joyful and meaningful? For older movie enthusiasts, those rare films about the aged that avoid caricature and offer advice and comfort become the narratives we seek.

Until yesterday, I thought the only working film maker with a real interest in the elderly was Paul Cox. He wrote A Woman’s Tale in the space of a week for 75-year-old Sheila Florance, who was near death from cancer and found inspiration to live long enough to complete the picture and receive the 1991 Best Actress award for it from the Australian Film Institute. I was reminded of that superbly human motion picture and Florance’s indelible portrait of a feisty free spirit as I watched the 91-year-old Danuta Szaflarska give life to the refined, independent-minded Mrs. Aneila, the strong center of Time to Die.

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Mrs. Aneila lives in a large, old house in Warsaw. She is flanked on one side by a McMansion owned by a nouveau riche couple and by a rundown music club for children on the other. During the Communist regime, she was forced to share her home with other “comrades." Just after the film's opening, we watch the last of them moving out. She can’t take the piano and offers to sell it to Mrs. Aneila. Then she remarks, “What would you do with a piano? I’ll send the buyer over when I find one." As the moving truck pulls away, Mrs. Aneila says out loud, “But it’s my piano!"

Finally, blessedly alone save for her adorable border collie, Philadelphia, Mrs. Aneila goes to the kitchen to make tea and toast. She butters the toast, cuts it into several rectangles, and offers a piece to Phila. “You like toast, don’t you," she says as Phila gobbles up her offering. The pair goes to the upstairs sunroom of the rambling house, where Mrs. Aneila takes up her binoculars to see what her neighbors are up to. While she watches, Phila eats the rest of the bread.

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Mrs. Aneila’s adored son Wituś (Krzysztof Globisz) comes for his regular visit. Mrs. Aneila asks him to come live with her. “You always said tenants were a nuisance. Now they’re gone!" Wituś says his wife Marzenka (Marta Waldera) wouldn’t approve it. He leaves, with his mother thinking his wife is a real pill. But, in fact, Wituś is eager to get his hands on “his house," demolish it, and sell the land to the highest bidder. Only his mother’s insistence on staying in its familiar, faded glory stands between him and the good life. What Mrs. Aneila does when she learns of his disloyalty forms what remains of the plot.

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The film, however, uses this storyline as a frame to observe the daily life, thoughts, and memories of this ancient and beautiful woman. Children are a focal point. Mrs. Aneila conjures many images of her young son (Wit Kaczanowski Jr.), a soft-faced lad with tender eyes. She encounters another young man (Kamil Bitau) nicknamed Dostoyevsky because his last name is Fyodor after he climbs up the side of the house and comes into her sunroom. He has a broad, mischievious face—a budding Huck Finn—and lives up to his looks by saying he planned to take something from the house and sell it. When she sends him away, he asks her for a fiver. She doesn’t understand the term, but when he descends the way he came, in a shot that emphasizes the height of her sunroom, she watches him fearfully and tells Phila she should have given him the fiver, her heart warmed by his simple, honest cheerfulness.

Mrs. Aneila is truly a tender-hearted woman who can be wounded and who tends to strike out when it happens. Her 10-year-old granddaughter, a fat and thoughtless child, rejects her offer of an ancient toy, saying she’d rather have her grandmother’s ring. She repeatedly calls Mrs. Aneila “grammy" instead of the preferred “grandma," even after being corrected several times, and crushes walnuts in her hands. Bruised, Mrs. Aneila tells her if she doesn’t stop eating, she won’t have any admirers, and sends the child into an angry tantrum.

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Shot in exquisite black and white by cinematographer Artur Reinhart, the film is visual poetry to match the reveries of its main character. For example, she spies the young couple who run the music club quarrelling near a tree and then tenderly mending fences with a kiss. Mrs. Aneila remembers herself as a beautiful, young woman dancing with her handsome, young husband. The camera is in focus, sharply showcasing the attractiveness of the couple, but slowed to the speed of a willed and wonderful memory. Many scenes are shot through the uneven glazing of the many glass windows in the house, blurring and distorting the images like the edges of a cloud would. Many interesting camera angles are used to suggest space and height within the shrub-choked grounds of the house.

Of course, the review wouldn’t be complete without discussing Philadelphia, who has almost as much screen time as Szaflarska. The dog, often shown in close-up, frequently licks her lips when hunger strikes, cracks walnuts in her teeth and digs out the meat, and does her best to take care of her mistress. Mrs. Aneila usually has to run down the stairs to answer the phone, getting there just as the caller hangs up. Phila runs ahead of her and pulls the phone off the hook so she won’t miss the call. Mrs. Aneila constantly asks Phila if she’s lost her mind when she barks, but these alerts always mean that someone is around who shouldn’t be. This is one of the finest human-dog portrayals on screen. I just wish I could have found a picture of Phila to show you her expressive face.

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At Mrs. Aneila’s lowest point, she decides not to commit suicide, but just to will herself to die. She recites part of Shakespeare’s 29th Sonnet. I quote it here in toto because it sums up what this film is all about:

When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes,
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,
Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least;
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
(Like to the lark, at break of day arising
From sullen earth) sings hymns at heaven's gate;
For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
That then I scorn to change my fate with kings.

I’m not at all sure this charming and wise film will be available in theatres or on DVD. I hope it is. At least, view the trailer. See a woman who swings on a swing, who loves to walk in the pouring rain, who remembers dancing as a young bride, who loves her house filled with memories. l

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King of Kings (1961)
Director: Nicholas Ray

By Marilyn Ferdinand

I looked at my desk calendar today and saw a holiday designation I hadn’t noticed before—Easter Monday. Whether this was meant to allow employers to give employees a Monday off per their paid-holiday schedule, a strange expansion of Christian observances, or just me being obtuse, the calendar worked to my advantage. I decided it wasn’t too late to post an Easter review of the Samuel Bronston epic King of Kings.

I have a rather strange relationship with Christianity. I was raised as a Jew in an overwhelmingly Catholic town. Most of my friends were Catholic, and I went to a Catholic university, at which my simple and sincere question (“What is the Holy Trinity?") in one of my required theology classes received the whip-necked stares of my classmates and the surprised, gentle look of my instructor, an ordained priest, who gave an explanation that I still don’t understand. Whereas I have a pretty broad knowledge of Christianity and its culture—especially Catholicism—very few Christians know much about the religion and culture into which I was born and into which Jesus was born. Perhaps because of my largely secular upbringing and my studies in college, I observe religion today much as a sociologist or anthropologist would. I mean no disrespect to persons of faith in my review of King of Kings, but the story of Jesus Christ is just that to me—a story that informs what I know about Judaism and what it became. I intend to evaluate how well this film tells its story.

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King of Kings, a remake of Cecil B. DeMille’s silent epic of the same name, is a life of Jesus of Nazareth. It begins with the Roman conquest and occupation of Judea. The return of Roman subjects to their home towns to be taxed according to the new Roman census gives us our first glimpse of Joseph (Gerard Tichy) and Mary (a radiant Siobhan McKenna), returning from Galilee to Bethlehem. The town is unruly, and an innkeeper tosses some apparently drunk guests into the street. Joseph asks for a room for his pregnant wife. The innkeeper says there is no room, but he could open a stable stall for them. Jesus is born, and Mary cradles him in her arms as three kings alight from their camels, place gifts at her feet, and bow their heads to the ground.

King%20of%20Kings%20Lucius.jpgThe governor of Judea, Herod (Gregoire Aslan), learns of a prophecy that a powerful prophet has just been born in Bethlehem. He summons the head of the Roman guard Lucius (Ron Randell) and instructs him to kill all the newborn males in Bethleham. Lucius, who from the first strikes one as a decent, intelligent man, says he does not kill children and will not obey. Herod reminds him of his duty to the emperor and, reluctantly, Lucius carries out his orders. Despite the bloodshed, the target of the hunt has been spirited away by his parents to Nazareth. Herod has what seems to be an asthma attack after the murders, and we watch his son Herod Antipas (Frank Thring) allow his father to die as viciously as his father ordered the deaths of babies.

Soon Pontius Pilate (Hurd Hatfield) and his new wife Herodias (Rita Gam) arrive to govern Judea. He’s unhappy with the difficult post, but his wife reminds him that whoever can rule Judea can rule the world. He’s got his hands full. Rebel leader Barabbas (Harry Guardino) has is making plans to attack the Romans and free Judea. The region is a powder keg, with all Jews on their guard. It is in this atmosphere that Lucius and other Roman soldiers move through the land to conduct a census. He arrives at Nazareth where he encounters a wary Joseph. “No trouble," he assures them, “just conducting a census." Mary and Joseph are accounted for, but their son Jesus is not. Lucius asks him where he was born. Jesus replies, “Bethlehem." Lucius pauses, regards the lad carefully. Finally, he tells Joseph, “Get him registered as soon as possible."

I really liked this set-up of the story. It introduced all of the important characters, set them in their time and a realistic landscape (the film was shot in Spain), and presented them largely as ordinary people living real life. I got a sense of the injustices against which the Jews railed—from the breaching of the sacred Temple of Jerusalem to the slaying of its priests in a perfectly choreographed launching of spears (perhaps too perfect) and the heavy taxation under which the poor populace labored. Certainly, if any group of people were ready to accept a savior, these people were, and their religious teachings gave them the hope that one would appear some day. Of course, people like Barabbas were not willing to wait for divine intervention. I was reminded of the two paths to freedom represented by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X as I watched Jesus, the prince of peace, and Barabbas, who embraced violence. I also was reminded by Herod’s actions of the Torah story of the deaths of first-born Jews at the hands of Pharoah’s troops to prevent the arrival of a deliverer—Moses. The current story, of course, will turn out much differently. Instead of the slaying of Egyptian first-born to loosen Pharoah’s hand, the Christian god will sacrifice his own first-born to deliver them, if not physically, then spiritually.

Soon, Jesus (Jeffrey Hunter) is a man who is ready to take up his calling. He goes into the desert to purify himself. The harsh landscape is beautiful and forbidding. We only hear the devil call out to Jesus—there are no visions, only Jesus’ denials of Satan. When he emerges, he takes recruits his apostles, beginning with Simon Peter, a humble fisherman. The line, “I will make you a fisher of men," is poetically powerful and sets us up for the many famous lines that Hunter mainly utters with conviction. One crucial exception is the Sermon on the Mount. Hunter’s answers to the many questions he is asked—questioning is a very Jewish practice for their rabbi—are convincing, but the askers are mere reciters. I’m told that many of these people were Spanish and were dubbed in English. It would have been better to bring in some English speakers for Hunter to work off of. The Sermon on the Mount is a dull thud in this film.

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Other scenes are vibrant. Brigid Bazlen as Salome is a wicked, wicked girl consumed by her appetites. She finds the captured John the Baptist (Robert Ryan) to be a curious animal. There’s no question that in this interpretation, Salome has encouraged Herod’s lust for her. Her dance, though tamely not the striptease it was meant to be, is still erotic. When she asks for the head of John the Baptist, her offhand remark that she “wants to look at it," is amoral thought itself. The scene is completely satisfying.

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Another beautifully wrought scene is the slaughter of Barabbas’ army, caught between the outer and inner walls of Pilate’s palace by a ready and waiting Roman army. The rebels seem at first to be holding their own as the Romans pull back, the better to draw all the Judeans within the gates. When the Romans unleash their full fire power, they roll over living and dead Judeans alike, forcing their retreat—right into the Roman spears protruding through the slatted gate. Barabbas, atop a wall of the enclosure, looks down at the strewn bodies of his men and screams. He gets an arrow in the leg for his trouble, but his despair is far more painful.

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However, the Last Supper, played like a rudimentary Passover ritual that transforms into a communion ceremony, is strangely lifeless. When Jesus tells Judas (Rip Torn) to do what he must quickly, there is no pang of sadness in either man. The superb Hurd Hatfield makes the most of Jesus’ trial for sedition and blasphemy, as does Ron Randell, his appointed defense attorney. There was much more passion between these men than ever passed between Jesus and his apostles. The Passion seemed deliberately bland, causing the last third of the film to lose an enormous amount of steam. The final shot made me laugh at its hokey symbology.

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Nicholas Ray should have been able to turn out a work of splendor and intimacy, given his track record. The first half of the film does have those two attributes in spades. I have to wonder if studio interference might have been to blame for the film’s stillborn second half. Orson Welles lends his magnificent voice as the narrator of this well-known story, bringing it alive whenever he speaks. Miklos Rozsa’s score was grand and bombastic, not really my cup of tea but certainly accomplished and epic in nature. The Overture, Intermission, Entr’acte, and End Music reminded me of a time when lengthy films were structured like plays and that I experienced firsthand watching The Sound of Music in a movie theatre. They even sold programs. This structure lends gravity to the film and provides audiences with a thoughtful break; I wish this practice would return.

King of Kings infers how a blend of paganism and Judaism became the new religion. Jews reject the use of human images for worship (hence the film's depiction of protests against posting plaques of the Roman emperor on the Temple pillars), but Christians embrace such images. The traditional Easter meal of lamb echoes the Jewish sacrifices to their god. The film also hints at the conversion of two Romans, Lucius and Herodias, foreshadowing the eventual conversion of the Roman Emperor Constantine and perhaps the introduction of some Roman pagan rituals to this new state religion.

King of Kings may be pleasing to many Christians who find inspiration in the story of Jesus Christ. It certainly is a thrilling and epic tale. Unfortunately, this version starts to breathe life into it, only to fall into the trap of reverence, primarily in the more remote acting style that overtook many of its principals—especially Jeffrey Hunter. By bowing to convention, King of Kings loses connection. l

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A Man for All Seasons (1966)
Director: Fred Zinnemann

By Roderick Heath

Paul Scofield, who died this week at the age of 86, did not make many movies—a grand total of 19 feature films. A stage actor by creed, he nonetheless brought a subtlety and lucidity to the medium that most actors on the big screen barely suggest. Not that Scofield, with features of a sort of rudely chiselled nobility, was ever in any danger of becoming a teen heart-throb. He did not need to apologise for anything, except perhaps for Scorpio (1973), a bewildering sham directed by the reliably awful Michael Winner that managed to totally waste the talents of Scofield, Alain Delon, and Burt Lancaster. How that one happened, I know not.

manseasons85.jpgTo pay tribute to Scofield’s career, I could have written about his beautifully low-key, heroic turn as Virginia McKenna’s mentor and brother-in-arms in Carve Her Name with Pride (1958), his sublimely serpentine performance as a fixated Nazi culture thief in The Train (1966), his weighty, haunted inhabitations of Charles VI in Kenneth Branagh’s Henry V (1989) and The Ghost in Franco Zeffirelli’s Hamlet (1990), his hilarious and heartbreaking turn as Mark Van Doren in Quiz Show (1996), and his foreboding Judge Danforth in The Crucible (1996). But it is A Man for All Seasons that is his best claim to cinematic fame, and that’s fine with me, being as it was, an extension of a role he had played about 2,000 times on the stage in Robert Bolt’s fine play of the same name. Bolt wrote the screenplay for the film and pared back the material into a sharper, more concise work. A Man for All Seasons is the sort of film that tends to be despicably patronised by many critics these days, apparently under the impression that intelligent acting and dialogue and skillful, measured direction are liabilities. Yet compare it to, for example, the gothic idiocy of Shekhar Kapur’s Elizabeth films, and one cringes at the decline in our supposedly clever contemporary culture.

Bolt had worked with David Lean twice by this time, providing the scripts for Lawrence of Arabia and Doctor Zhivago. A Man for All Seasons proved to be his third great film in a row. Bolt was gifted with a droll insight into politics and how they become interlaced with human character, already well presented in the pithily caricatured Bolsheviks of Zhivago and the final scenes of Lawrence. A Man for All Seasons is one of the few historical films that successfully portrays the past as a recognisable precursor to our own era by concentrating not on battles and pageantry, but on statecraft, corruption, legal wrangling, petty bureaucracy, and the eternal clash between private conscience and public duty. The film had a perfect director in Fred Zinnemann, the Swiss-born maestro who gained his second Best Director Oscar here. Zinnemann was one of the great observational directors, with a rich sense of physical context and unobtrusive realism, and an interest in highly conflicted protagonists. Zinnemann’s eye presents a Renaissance Britain blessedly free of both ye-olde-isms and modish cinema tricks. As he had done in The Nun’s Story (1959), Zinnemann offsets the tortuous nature of human conscience with continual reference to the cycles of nature, especially appropriate here, where the seasons of the title are reflected in the shifts between acts.

A Man for All Seasons is, of course, the story of the downfall of Sir Thomas More, the scholar, lawyer, judge, and eventual High Chancellor of England after Cardinal Wolsey, who was persecuted and eventually executed for treason for refusing to support Henry VIII’s ruthless reformation and remarriage to Anne Boleyn. More became a Catholic saint, but Bolt’s conception of the man is most amusingly drawn when Scofield pats his chest and says, “This is not the stuff of which martyrs are made."

Seasons%205.jpgThe film begins with More being called away from a party with his family—wife Alice (Wendy Hiller), daughter Margaret (Susannah York), and friends, like the Duke of Norfolk (Nigel Davenport)—to consult with Wolsey (Orson Welles), who wants More to support his efforts to secure a divorce for the king from his barren wife Catherine of Aragon. This scene swiftly sketches the succession of traits in More’s character and Scofield’s ability to embody them—wry wit, cagey intellect, unflappable cool, and moral gravity.

Whilst possessing an abundantly expressive face, Scofield’s first and most devastating weapon as an actor was his voice, which he used like a symphony orchestra to emphasise, explore, and imply the ideas in his lines. Note the staccato clip when outlining the hidden agenda of Wolsey’s intentions, “Pressure. Applied to the Church. Church houses, Church property;" the egoless but knowing way he says “Me, rather than Cromwell" in reply to the proposition that the oily functionary Thomas Cromwell (Leo McKern) become the next Chancellor; the soft, appeasing, but firm way he says “I thought Your Grace was wrong;" the severity of his pronouncement, “No, Your Grace. I will not help you" that makes it certain that despite his desire to “govern the country with prayer," he’s no pansy-assed idealist or foolish fanatic, but a statesman of rigid will.

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Scofield’s More continues to bob, weave, duck, and strike with brainpower—the cinema’s first, and possibly last, intellectual action hero. Far from wanting to become a sacrificial lamb, More sees himself as not just bound by duty to preserve his family and himself, but also by his Christian Humanist conception of religious duty to “serve Him wittily, in the tangle of his mind," to survive in the best way possible. As stoutly any Jean Claude Van Damme kickboxer, he refuses to bend, break, or back down. He goes toe to toe with the best the newly repressive English state can throw at him. Everyone else shivers when contemplating the ferocious Cromwell. More only sneers in reply to his tactics: “You threaten like a dockyard bully!"

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Only dirty tricks finally ensnare him. More, the utterly righteous man, is ultimately brought down by the one thing he can never admit—utterly pragmatic ambition in the form of Richard Rich (John Hurt), who had repeatedly appealed to More to save him from himself. But More could only be honest with Rich—he was just not the kind of man who could serve the state like More. Rich “gains the world but loses his soul," as More puts it in his heartbroken final entreaty. It is the worst, but most appropriate fate for More—he is undone not by an equal adversary but specifically by mediocrity.

Yet it’s the rich humanity that Scofield reveals in More, not just the brilliance and the morality, that makes the character rivet our attention. His sly, sarcastic grin when he regards his daughter in the company of William Roper (Corin Redgrave), and the way he fends off Roper’s gauche, strident conscientiousness. The kiss he gives to Alice when she admits her jealousy of his and Margaret’s intellectual bond. His momentary dissolution into despair when his family visits him in his cell in the Tower of London. The dry humour he employs in defending himself that threatens to make his trial a disaster for the prosecution. Scofield’s bright attentive eyes reveal a mind always contemplating, absorbing, thinking. Not that it’s a one-man show. Scofield is surrounded by some of the best acting in the careers of Welles, Hiller, York, Redgrave, McKern, Hurt, and Robert Shaw, whose appearance as King Henry is perfection. Bolt deliberately characterized Henry as younger than he was at the time of these events, presenting the energetic, capricious monarch of Henry’s early days rather than a flabby sybarite of Holbein’s portrait and Charles Laughton’s cinematic portrayal.

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Shaw literally leaps into the film, getting mud on his shoes after jumping from his royal barge into the Thames mud, his courtiers waiting in stricken apprehension for his reaction—which turns out to be a madly pleased bark. This is a man used to being the absolute barometer of life in his kingdom, and he will kick down any barrier between him and satisfaction. He needs More’s blessing for his remarriage “because you’re honest, and what’s more you’re seen to be honest." Thus Thomas, one of the few men Henry truly admires, must be destroyed—regretfully, cautiously, but ultimately without scruple. More’s method of resistance, his silence, is supposed to release all of them from the situation, but in fact condemns him because it infers an indirect protest. Despite his protestations, ultimately he is bound to a final point of conscience that he will not avert, alter, or obfuscate when finally cornered. Scofield only raises his voice to a shout in the very last moments of his trial, when he has been convicted and sentenced and he cannot alter the outcome, bellowing the final, bald fact of why he has been condemned: he “would not bend to the marriage." Zinnemann refuses to overplay the moment, instead cutting to a long shot with More’s back to us and the result of his outcry shown instead by the immediate eruption of the crowd.

A Man for All Seasons is perhaps the most ’60s of 1960s Oscar winners. As well as being defined against other, worldlier types, More is also defined against Roper, a satirically ardent, young idealis who is vociferous in his moral judgments—he has become a Lutheran and rails against the corrupt Catholic Church—but is all too willing revert to Catholicism to marry Margaret. More repeatedly has to force him to analyse and curtail his own statements and reflect on their consequence like an old-school liberal unionist reining in the radical hippie. Indeed, More must remind himself constantly to be moderate. “I do none harm. I say none harm. I think none harm. And if this be not enough to keep a man alive, then in good faith, I long not to live," is More’s epigram for his own fate. l

2008 European Union Film Festival

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Tell No One (Ne le dis à personne, 2006)
Director/Co-Screenwriter: Guillaume Canet

Guillaume Canet is the Robert Redford of France. A handsome leading man perhaps best known in the United States and other countries for costarring with Leonardo DiCaprio in The Beach, he has taken the plunge into directing. Tell No One, his second feature film, shows that this young actor/director really knows what he’s doing. While Tell No One breaks no new ground in the action/thriller genre, it is a tightly paced, assured handling of an exceedingly complex story that will keep you on the edge of your seat for all of its 125 minutes.

The film begins at a French country home Alex Beck (François Cluzet) and his sister Anne (Marina Hands) inherited from their recently deceased father François (Philippe Canet, the director’s father). The pair is having a small summer party that includes Anne’s lover Hélène (Kristin Scott Thomas) and Alex’s wife Margot (Marie-Josée Croze). The conversation at the picnic table is intimate and fun. One of the party has a new baby. Hélène suggests that Margot and Alex need a baby. “That’s the last thing he needs," says another, “after just finishing medical school."

After the party breaks up, Margot, Alex, and their new briard puppy drive to a lake on the family’s property. The couple walk through the woods to a pier, strip, and go for a swim. In a memory, we see them as children swimming together. Other such memories will show them carving their initials and a heart into the trunk of an ancient tree and add slash marks beneath it for every year of their love.

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The couple lay naked on a pontoon float in the middle of the lake. They argue briefly about Alex’s desire to sell the summer home, over Anne’s objections. Margot eventually says it’s none of her business, then says she is going to let the dog out of the car. She swims to the pier, grabs her clothes, and disappears behind the trees. A few moments later, Alex hears her scream. He swims to her aid, but the last thing we see is a heavy object bashing him in the head. He falls, unconscious, into the lake.

A title card over the exterior of a hospital says “Eight years later." Alex is now a pediatrician, (and we get a nice sight gag when we see the puppy as a massive dog). We see him talking to a couple flanking their young daughter. They’ve been told she has a serious medical problem. He explains that the only thing wrong with her is that she’s being pressured by her overprotective parents. He prescribes ice cream, toys, and lots of playtime. The growing delight on her small face as her parents stare at Alex in confusion is priceless. He abruptly leaves them when a nurse insists he come right away.

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A man named Bruno (Gilles Lellouche) has brought his hemophiliac son into the clinic and insists he only trusts Dr. Beck to care for him. Bruno is grateful to Alex for diagnosing his son and contradicting the police who wanted to put him in jail for beating his son. Alex takes the boy, who he thinks has internal bleeding from a fall, to the operating room. The men meet again outside of the hospital where Bruno, with his very cool tattoo of The Godfather logo visible for the first time, gives Alex his phone number and says that he’ll help him get anything he wants. Bruno, it seems, makes his living in less than legal ways. I absolutely loved this character.

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Sadly, Bruno can’t get Alex the one thing he has wanted for eight years—his murdered wife. Alex can’t get over her death, despite the urgings of Anne, Hélène, and even Margot’s parents, whom Alex visits each year on the anniversary of her death. That very evening, however, Alex gets a cryptic e-mail that links him to a YouTube video that apparently shows that his wife is still alive. Another e-mail comes later, apparently from Margot, confirming that she is indeed alive but cautioning Alex to “tell no one, they’re watching." With the mystery now launched, Alex sets about to learn the truth about what happened on that summer night and whether Margot is, in fact, alive or whether he is the victim of a cruel hoax.

To tell you more about the plot would be to spoil the fun and suspense. I will say that Alex is pursued by the police, who had questioned him before he received the e-mails about two bodies found at the lake and now feel that he is implicated in those deaths, another crime, and possibly even the murder of his wife. At one point, Alex must beat it on foot from a large posse of pursuing police. Unlike the “heroes" in American films, Alex and his pursuers do, indeed, start to sweat and get winded. Alex even slips and falls, raising a groan from the audience. I even liked that the computer screen had Yahoo! on it and the e-mail was real. However, there is one hiss-worthy villain right out of the James Bond school of bad guys that was a little over the top, but in a good way. There's also a massive car crash that would satisfy any action movie buff.

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Cluzet, a Dustin Hoffman look-a-like to my eyes, was wonderful as Alex. His grief was pitch-perfect, his lack of skill at dodging the law played in a totally believable way, and his intelligence in ferreting out information ingenious. I didn’t realize I was watching Kristin Scott Thomas (I know I’ve seen her somewhere!) because her French is flawless (at least to me it is). It was great to see Jean Rochefort, whom I so admired in Patrice Leconte’s 2002 drama The Man on the Train, in a small, but crucial, part.

The denouement left a slightly sour taste in my mouth because while natural law may have been satisfied, justice was somewhat shortchanged and a lot of lives were ruined in the process. But this is a minor objection. Canet and his very gifted cast make hardly a wrong turn. The film has a very American feel to it, without the irony I usually associate with French takes on American genres. I’m not sure I like that the imitation is so nearly perfect. But it certainly means that Hollywood will have a run for its money with such great thrillers as Tell No One to contend with. l

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Truly Madly Deeply (1990)
Director/Screenwriter: Anthony Minghella

By Marilyn Ferdinand

Like the rest of the world, I got the news today that Oscar-winning director Anthony Minghella had died at the age of 54 of a cerebral hemorrhage. This highly honored director had a relatively small, but significant, body of work behind him. I remember a film buff I knew saying that his The Talented Mr. Ripley was the most perfect film he had ever seen. Arguable, of course, but that film not only was superbly wrought, but also marked Matt Damon with his defining screen persona.

Mr. Minghella had a big impression on me as well. I was in London the year his first feature directing effort appeared in theatres. I read the reviews of Truly Madly Deeply and tried to persuade my then-husband to come see it with me. Feigning illness, he passed. Fearing the London streets at night—a fatal stabbing had just occurred at a festival in Notting Hill, not far from our hotel—I reluctantly skipped the show. Several years later, I saw a television listing for the film. I couldn’t wait to watch it, and taped it for future reviewings. I’ve seen it more than once, but not recently. Still, so many of the features of that film are so indelibly marked in my brain that I feel pretty confident about reviewing it mainly from distant memory.

Nina (Juliet Stephenson) works in social services, helping mainly Spanish-speaking immigrants transition to life in England. She is the recent owner of a house that has a rat infestation. She plays the piano at a fairly high level. And she is grieving very, very deeply the loss of the love of her life—Jamie (Alan Rickman), a cellist who died suddenly of a massive internal infection that they both thought was just a simple sore throat. Nina isn’t coping very well. She looks shattered most of the time, and her coworkers are worried about her. She reassures them that she is fine while spurning their offers of help. When Jamie’s sister comes by to claim his cello for her child's use, Nina wails aggressively, “It’s all I have left of him." She collapses to the floor, hugging the instrument close.

Home alone one night, she plays the piano, remembering the duets she and Jamie used to enjoy. She senses Jamie—her longing, it must be. When she looks around, Jamie is there in the room. Disoriented, feeling joyful and psychotic at the same time, Nina challenges him. She pushes him in the chest. She does it again. Yes, it’s true, Jamie is back! He talks about the night they first made love. "I was shaking," says Nina, conveying just how intense their connection had been.

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The pair reminisce in the shorthand all couples have and recreate a familiar word contest they used to play:

Nina: I love you.
Jamie: I love you.
Nina: I really love you.
Jamie: I really, truly love you.
Nina: I really, truly, madly love you.
Jamie: I really, truly, madly, deeply love you.
Nina: I really, truly, madly, deeply, passionately love you.
Jamie: I really, truly, madly, deeply, passionately, remarkably love you.
Nina: I really, truly, madly, deeply, passionately, remarkably, umm... deliciously love you.
Jamie: I really, truly, madly, passionately, remarkably, deliciously... juicily love you.
Nina: Deeply! Deeply! You passed on deeply, which was your word, which means you couldn't have meant it! So you're a fraud, that's it!

Of course, Jamie isn't exactly back, even though he is a solid entity. He is indeed a spirit. He's cold all the time. When he climbs into bed with Nina, she must pile blankets on top to keep him warm. But she's overjoyed that he's around, though she can tell no one about why her mood has suddenly improved. As an added bonus, the rats vacate her property, scared off by the ghost.

Truly%201.jpgGradually, however, Jamie's presence becomes problematic. He starts inviting his friends from the afterlife to move into Nina's house. To make more room for them, he starts moving her furniture and rolling up her carpets. The spirits like to watch movies all day and night and commandeer her VCR. They spend most of their time arguing about movies (including Fitzcarraldo!), and Nina starts to feel put upon and left out. When Jamie questions whether she wants them there, she clings to him and insists she wants him with her always.

Truly%205.jpgA man named Mark (Michael Maloney) has spied Nina in a coffee shop they both frequent. One day, he gets up the nerve to approach her. She puts him off initially, but he is persistent. She tries to brush him off on a Thames-side walkway, but he hops on one leg next to her telling her as many essentials about himself as he can. He forces her to do the same. Yes, he's got her attention. She moves toward him and away from him so many times, however, that he finally concludes that she must be living with someone. At this moment, Nina finally seems to reach out. She says, "I loved someone very much. Very much. But he died." She breaks down but continues to reach out.

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Back at home, Nina has to break the news to Jamie. He realizes that he and his friends have to go. We are reminded of something he said to her when he first came back: "Thank you ... for missing me." In the morning, Nina finds a rat. She calls Jamie's sister and gives her the cello. Later, she also agrees to go home with Mark. They are speeding toward his flat when she yells, "Stop the car!" She jumps out, with an impatient to bursting Mark fuming in the driver's seat, waiting for her. After a few moments, she gets back in, holds her hand up, and says "Toothbrush." Their mutual smile is the crown on the movie.

This film introduced me to the powerful talent of Juliet Stephenson and the alluring sexiness of Alan Rickman. Stephenson commits so completely to this role that it is actually painful to watch her. The supporting cast is just as human as she is, projecting concern, exasperation, and the "come on, snap out of it" impatience that surround many grieving people. We can understand how losing one's soul mate in the prime of life would be more devastating than other losses and how hard it would be to even get up in the morning and shower. With the clever ghost story, we also learn that letting grief take over can make you a stranger in your own life.

The strong script by Minghella was helped mightily by his strong direction. I'm sad we'll never get another film from this talented writer/director, but I will truly, madly, deeply love this film forever. l

Ferdy on Films, etc. Announces

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I could dance with you till the cows come home. On second thought, I'd rather dance with the cows and you come home. –Rufus T. Firefly, Duck Soup

No matter what you think of dance as a form of entertainment, it’s clear that this unique performance art has been a huge part of cinema pretty much right from the start. The Edison Company’s The Serpentine Dance (1894), for example, depicted an undergarment-revealing dance that actually got the film banned, 40 years before the infamous Hays Production Code for moral decency in movies was put in place.

Dance in motion pictures comes in a wide variety of forms: the kaleidoscopic production numbers of Busby Berkeley; the elegant ballets of real-life prima ballerina Moira Shearer in The Red Shoes; and the sophisticated pas des deux between Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, Gower and Marge Champion, and Gene Kelly and Cyd Charisse. Newer films, such as the very adult The Tango Lesson (1997), solid teen flicks like Save the Last Dance (2001) and Honey (2003), and Broadway-style films like Chicago (2002) and The Producers (2005), are keeping dance alive and well on the big screen. Even arthouse film lovers can find dance that inspires and provokes, such as the opening retelling in dance of the Creation in Bela Tarr’s Werckmeister Harmonies.

Whether dance is used as a pure study in form (Maya Deren’s A Study in Choreography for Cinema), an element that is integral to the plot (the tortuous ballroom dance sequence in Jezebel), or pure wow-’em entertainment (Seven Brides for Seven Brothers), its contributions to film deserve your consideration.

Ferdy on Films, etc. is proud to host the Invitation to the Dance Movie Blogathon, May 4 through May 10. The last day of the blogathon just happens to be the birthday of one of the greatest dancers ever to grace the silver screen—Fred Astaire. Contributions on that date that discuss Astaire are particularly welcome. Please RSVP in the comments section of this page or to ferdyonfilms@comcast.net. Link to this page before the event and to Ferdy on Films, etc. during the week of the blogathon. Below are ads you can use to publicize the event. Resize as needed. Hope to see you on the dance floor!

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2008 European Union Film Festival

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The Way I Spent the End of the World (Cum Mi-Am Petrecut Sfârsitul Lumii, 2006)
Director/Co-Screenwriter: Catalin Mitulescu

By Marilyn Ferdinand

The 11th Annual European Union Film Festival at the Gene Siskel Film Center kicked off last Friday without me due to my own personal version of March Madness. Fortunately, the festival runs nearly a full month, showcasing this year 61 films from 26 EU nations. One of the hottest centers for cinema today is Romania. Two knockout films from the past two years, The Death of Mr. Lazarescu and 4 Months, 3 Weeks, & 2 Days, took the top prize at the Chicago International Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival, respectively, and in the process, sent Romania screaming onto the radar screen. Giving Romania the official stamp of approval for the Western world, so to speak, Wim Wenders and Martin Scorsese were the executive producers of The Way I Spent the End of the World, director Catalin Mitulescu’s first full-length feature film. They backed a director with a promising future who has made an assured, layered film that mixes small-town life with politics under the communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceausecu.

The film opens in a grade school where all the children are begging to be picked to be in a ceremony. Seven-year-old Lalalilu Matei (Timotei Duma) is grabbed by the school principal and set on the stage, ready to receive an honor for the school from the government. Three men in uniforms approach him with a very large round of something—maybe cheese or bread—but the leader learns that Lalalilu still has some baby teeth. In an act of complete ridiculousness, the official wrestles with Lalalilu for the round.

Switch to the Matei home. Lalalilu ties a string around his tooth, but can’t bring himself to pull it out. He goes to breakfast with the string hanging from his mouth. Mother Maria (Carmen Ungureanu) sets a meager breakfast of bread, cheese, and jam for Lalalilu and his 17-year-old sister Eva (Doroteea Petre) before they head off to school. Lalalilu refuses to eat. Maria, not a very forceful mother, tells Eva to get him to eat. Eva is more strict, but in the end she smiles and plays with him to eat. She tempts him with jam for his bread and when he finally opens his mouth to bite it, Eva grabs the string and pulls out the loose tooth. Lalalilu is surprised but grateful. The pair is obviously very devoted, and Eva seems to have taken over the larger part of mothering her little brother.

Eva meets her boyfriend Alex (Ionut Becheru) in the halls of their high school. He tries to persuade her to cut class so that they can spend some time together. She doesn’t, but he makes her late. The class sings the national anthem and prepares for the first lesson. Just then, Alex comes in and informs Comrade Teacher that the principal would like to see Eva. He has the official armband of a hall monitor on. Eva leaves, Alex gives the armband to the real monitor, and the lovers hide in an empty room to neck. Alex, kickboxing around her, asks Eva if she loves him. She says, “very much." He then says, “Then why don’t we do it?" She thinks about it, and then says she will. In his joy, he kicks a pedestal holding a plaster bust of Ceausecu, and it falls to the floor and breaks.

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Alex is questioned, but escapes punishment. When Eva is brought in front of her classmates, she is defiant. Her entire family is against the discipline imposed on the country by the communist regime. Her classmates, including a cowed Alex, vote to kick her out of the communist youth party because of her attitude, and she is sent to reform school. There, she spends time with a new neighbor of the Matei’s, a young man named Andrei (Cristian Vararu) whose father was arrested for political agitation. This she does to spite her faithless boyfriend.

Underlying these everyday events is a strong hatred of Ceausecu. The poverty and hardship are all around. Alex’s father (Grigor Gonta) is a policeman who does favors for the Mateis because of Eva. When Eva breaks up with Alex, her parents urge her to get back with him and stop hanging out with a known subversive. “His father does favors for us," says Maria, including getting medical care for the perpetually sick Lalalilu. Eva, however, is strong-willed. She decides to go with Andrei in his planned escape from Romania across the Danube. When she disappears, Lalalilu determines to kill Ceausecu for making her unhappy.

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In between are the many episodes that make up small-town life. Folk customs simply shown, such as cutting a boy's top-knot of hair on his first birthday or seeing what object he picks up to determine what his future career will be, are fascinating to watch. The film is filled with the characters particular to any small town: the retarded old man Bulba (Corneliu Tigancu), who entertains Lalalilu and his two friends by making the sounds of trains and cars; grandfather Titi, who refuses to sit with Alex and his father when they show up at his grandson’s first birthday and, instead, strips down to his underwear and starts putting sheet aluminum on his roof; the music teacher in the reform school (Valentin Popescu), who seems utterly bored with his students but works them very hard to perfect a patriotic song (perhaps his show of resistance); Uncle Florica (Jean Constantin), who decides to burn his car to celebrate the overthrow of the dictatorship.

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The revolution—the "end of the world"—is a fascinating part of this film. Up until it actually happens, we are kept on the fringes of revolt, learning only of successful and failed escape attempts and rumors of political activity. However, all the town watches the ceremony at which Ceausecu's overthrow begins because Lalalilu is scheduled to read a poem of thanks to the dictator himself—his plot to get close enough to the man to kill him with his slingshot. Watching the villagers watch the revolution on TV was both a great and sad reminder of all the events I and countless other people around the world have watched this way.

The film ends by subtly showing how things have improved in Romania. On the Matei kitchen counter are several packages of food previously unavailable. Maria comes home, presumably from work that was nonexistent before, wearing a smart, new outfit. Alex’s father has been reintegrated into the town and learned how to make the sounds Bulba makes. Lalalilu doesn't get sick anymore. And he and Eva remain close, even as she has set off on a new adventure. That adventure, it seems, is the blossoming of a new Romania. l

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The Notorious Bettie Page (2005)
Director/Co-Screenwriter: Mary Harron

By Marilyn Ferdinand

From Yahoo! Answers, June 2007

Q: If you could fall madly and passionately in love with any cartoon character, who would that be and why?

A #1: I tell ya, this was the hardest best answer I've ever had to make. I feel the sweat dripping down my forhead. I'm shaking. Marv loves Betty Paige.

The romantic animation fan who asked this question and the people who responded would understand completely the point of view of The Notorious Bettie Page that seems to have left many film critics and viewers rather cold. This nearly flawless film that tells the real-life story of Bettie Page, “Miss Pin-up Girl of the World of 1955," is an accurate biopic that, nonetheless, has more in common with comic books than it does with conventional, character-based film narrative.

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The sly, inventive style struck by director/writer Mary Harron and her co-screenwriter Guinevere Turner is nothing if not a tribute to the naughty comic books we see several furtive men pawing through in an adult bookstore at the opening of the film. The scene continues, frame by frame, as a tall man in a trenchcoat moves down the length of the shop until he reaches the back counter. He asks the shop owner if he has anything special. Something in shoes. The owner pulls out a glossy of a dark-haired woman wearing platform, lace-up boots. He asks for more. The owner pulls out some photos of women in bondage. Cut to a close-up of the man, an undercover cop, pulling out his badge. You can practically see the dialogue balloon inked in a shocking shout: “You’re Under ARREST!"

Harron and Turner also tip their pillbox hats to Douglas Sirk’s sexy, humorous soap operas as well as bland civil defense films—both popular, or at least ubiquitious, forms in the 1950s—through their mix of color and black-and-white sequences, their script full of the superficiality of melodrama, and the restrained emotions of their typical 1950s characters. And they do something more—they revive the flapper (Betty Boop edition) and the plucky woman of the pre-Code 1930s as they question today’s gender politics.

Bettie%20Page%201.jpgThe film picks up the thread of the arrest as we watch Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver (David Strathairn) open hearings on pornography. We see the very pretty Bettie Page (Gretchen Mol) come down a hall and sit on a bench, awaiting her inquisition by the kind of god-fearing Tennessee native she grew up with. Her mind returns to her teen years in Depression-era Nashville, and the comically listless hellfire-and-damnation sermon of her church’s preacher (John Cullum). Young Bettie (Molly Moore) flirts with a boy across the aisle to the preacher’s narrative of sin and tortured damnation. This humorously foreshadows her rise to prominence as a pin-up who specializes in bondage and punishment.

Then the Perils of Pauline set in. There is a short, direct scene that suggests Bettie was sexually abused by her father. “Bettie, I want to see you upstairs," her harsh father (Jack Gilpin) says to her. As he climbs up the stairs and out of the frame, a close-up of Bettie’s worried face says it all. Bettie, however, maintains her innocence. She accepts the invitation of a perfect stranger who walks up to her on the street and asks her to go dancing with him and another couple. When the car moves into an unfamiliar area, Bettie asks where they are going. Again, like a perfect comic-book villain, her “date" assumes a look of hate on his face. She is taken to be gang raped. We see her afterwards, two buttons neatly open at her neck, exposing her slip. She goes into a church and cries.

Even this experience teaches her little about men. She again agrees to go out with a man off the street if her strict mother will permit it. The man, Billy Neal (Norman Reedus), tells his buddy as he walks away from this first encounter that he intends to marry her. Their courtship, marriage, and divorce are chronicled in a montage. Bettie decides to make a new start in New York City. A fortuitous encounter on a beach with a picture-taking colored man named Jerry Tibbs (Kevin Carroll)—another stranger—shows us Bettie’s natural posing style and easy sensuality. After being approached by a cop during this photo shoot—even though Tibbs claims to be a cop—he suggests that they confine their sessions to his home. During their first session, he decides to make a bold suggestion to Bettie. We’re all set to hear him tell her to take off her clothes, but instead he suggests she should wear her hair over her high forehead to reduce the shine off the lights and frame her face. When we next see Bettie, she’s answering phones as a receptionist sporting her now-famous fringe.

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Through Tibbs, Bettie hooks up with the brother/sister pornographers, Irving and Paula Klaw (Chris Bauer and Harron regular Lili Taylor). Bettie’s first assignment is to pose in sky-high heels. A shot of feet moving slowly and precariously out of a dressing room and an ankle crumbling sideways, then two feet moving next to them (Paula holding Bettie up) is another comic moment—this time at the expense of shoe fetishists.

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Bettie turns out to be a natural, projecting a sunny innocence within her perfect, desirable body. Each time she is asked to do something else—wear a tight corset, tie another girl up, pretend to spank another girl—she’s agreeable. She has started taking acting lessons and doesn’t really see the difference between playing a part for her class or a dominatrix for a magazine spread. The leather, girdles, whips, and leopard skins are costumes. She explains this to her boyfriend Marvin (Jonathan Woodward), an acting student who has no idea what kind of modelling she does, when he accompanies her to a party. He takes one look at the photos and calls them disgusting and the people who look at them even worse. Then the Klaws begin taking heat from the law, and Bettie is out of a job. Time for another new start.

Bettie%20Page%203.jpgIn the second of two brilliant Technicolor fantasies right out of Sirk’s playbook, Bettie heads back to Florida, a place where she once vacationed and where she hooked up with nudie photographer Bunny Yeager (Sarah Paulson) and a handsome young man named Armand (Alejandro Chabán)—in reality Armand Walterson, Bettie’s second of three husbands. Still troubled, she walks along the beach, finally spying a neon cross floating above the treetops. She makes her way into the church and decides to be saved. She walks to the altar and kneels. The preacher prays for her. She says she has been reborn. “What did it feel like?" asks the preacher. “Like a lifting up," replies Bettie. Another montage shows Bettie casting off her sexy persona, putting on loose clothing, and preaching on the streets.

People who knew Bettie said she was the nicest person they ever met, and indeed, Gretchen Mol’s performance is winning and natural. She possesses Bettie’s beauty and appears as comfortable posing nude or in restraints as Bettie always seemed. She doesn’t seem to agree to everything the Klaws ask of her just to please them. She really doesn’t see the harm. When Marvin tells her what the world perceives, it really comes as a huge jolt. He tries to contact her after she's decided to head to Florida, but she pretends she’s not at home. She’s not sure he accepts her the way she accepts herself.

Bettie's acting teacher, played by Austin Pendleton, teaches the Method. During one scene, she shows some good acting chops. He asks Bettie what emotion she drew from to play the part of a rejected woman. She says with as much naturalness as she takes off her clothes, “I thought of something that makes me really scared. I thought of God punishing me for all my sins." The teacher, taken aback from his secular milieu, stammers “Wonderful!" It is this sense of religiosity, which in the South is a proud mark of independence, that may have helped Bettie preserve her sense of self even through her traumas early in life. But she does not define her modeling as sinning. Her attitude reminds me quite a lot of Evy in Luis Buñuel’s Southern masterpiece, The Young One.

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The real Bettie Page

The Notorious Bettie Page is a confection with a potent message—a plea against censorship and for a woman's right to control her body. To argue about the dangers of pornography—and remember this is about pornography, not prostitution—is to take Bettie Page to a place she never went. The film does look sympathetically at a father who claims a photo of Bettie trussed led to his son's death, but it seems that perhaps the father did not know his son as well as he thought he did. That makes the incident tragic, but not evidence of a need for a ban.

In the end, Bettie sums it up best. When a man comes up to her while she is preaching and recognizes her, he wonders if she’s ashamed of what she did before. “No," says Bettie, “After all, Adam and Eve were naked in the Garden of Eden. After they sinned, they put on clothes." l

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Suspiria (1977)
Director: Dario Argento

By Roderick Heath

Dario Argento’s terror masterpiece is a strange work even for that stylistic champion. Like Brian De Palma, his contemporary (and probable acolyte), Argento’s cinematic gamesmanship and love of macabre subjects is, above all, a meditation on the movie screen as tectonic space—a canvas, yes, but also a silk screen, a puzzle box, a set of sliding doors that can be used to reveal anything. Also like De Palma, he drew on the disparate legacies of Hitchcock and Mario Bava in inventing a new kind of thriller where the act of watching is taken advantage of and the importance of narrative is spurned in favour of looking, both soothing and shocking the eye at once.

In Argento’s brilliant debut, The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (L’Uccello dalle Piume di Cristallo, 1970), the killer’s identity is steadily revealed by a constant series of reference to a vital earlier scene in which an assault within an art gallery itself becomes a work of art. Its great glass windows become, in effect, both a painting frame and a movie screen whose meaning constantly taunt and alter. Suspiria also involves art as it central motif, except here it’s two disparate arts—dance, the art of pure motion, and architecture, the art of stark immobility. These opposites dovetail in the Freiburg Dance Academy, where the film is set, an art nouveau hellhole.

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Suspiria is also, might I add, a thunderous horror film. The plot can be written on a matchbook. Suzy Bannion (Jessica Harper) arrives in Germany’s Black Forest to attend the academy and perfect her style. She discovers it’s the home of a witch’s coven, and anyone who discovers this usually ends up dead. Messily dead. On the night of her arrival, no one will let her in. An hysterical young student, Pat (Eva Axén), runs out into the night after screaming some thunder-muffled message. Whilst Suzy heads to a hotel, the panicked Pat goes to the apartment of a friend. Whilst her friend is out of the room, Pat feels a presence. She sees a pair of glowing eyes outside the window just before a hairy arm smashes through it, jams her face into the glass, and hauls her onto the balcony. She’s stabbed repeatedly to the point of baring her still-beating heart before being hung with a wire noose and dropped through a skylight. The broken glass from the skylight impales her friend as she frantically screams for help.

It’s an impressive scene, though Argento’s gore is always so cartoonishly overdone—a virtual apogee of horror cinema in itself—it’s hard to take seriously. Suzy finally gains admittance to the academy the next day. She is greeted by the mistresses of the school, Madame Blanc (Joan Bennett) and the formidable dominatrix Miss Tanner (Alida Valli), whom she irritates by deciding to live in town. The Directress of the Academy is never around—the excuse is always that she’s travelling abroad.

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Shortly after arriving, Suzy seems to be hypnotically affected by one of the staff members and becomes ill during a training session. The camera flows back and forth as Harper buckles in pain as the sadistic Valli puts them through their paces. Suzy soon finds herself placed on a special diet, and her temporary infirmity used as an excuse to move her belongings to the academy. One night, all of the girls are driven screaming from their rooms by a shower of maggots that seem to have come from tainted food stored upstairs. Waiting for the fumigators, the students are forced to bunk down on mattresses in a dance hall, divided by screens from the staff. As they lay trying to sleep, Suzy and her new friend Sara (Stefania Casini) hear a strange, wheezy breathing from the ugly shape that has just settled beyond the curtain. Sara recognises this from a past incident as the breathing of the supposedly absent Directress.

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Gasp! Could the Directress really be Helena Marcos the fabled Greek witch who founded the Academy at least two centuries ago? Is Suzy a prospective sacrifice? Yeah, something like that. Argento’s basic notion, inspired by an element of Thomas De Quincey’s Suspiria de Profundis describing the Three Fates, was to construct a trilogy around the three different Mothers De Quincey mentioned. Argento made the second film, Inferno (1980), a more baroque, nasty, and uneven work than Suspiria. In 2007, the third part The Mother of Tears finally appeared.

Argento began as a screenwriter, and had a notable early contact with two greats of the Italian cinema, Sergio Leone and Bernardo Bertolucci, with whom he developed the story for Once Upon a Time in the West (1969). Like Leone, Argento became fundamentally concerned with exploring cinema as a series of rhythmic scene structures; like Bertolucci, he had a sensual fascination with the use of décor and beautiful women. Unlike either, he became an unconscionable goremeister (the respect Leone received, and still receives, over Argento and Bava before him, is largely due to the less outré genres he worked in, and the commensurately higher budgets). Argento took to an extreme a kind of cinematic fetishism logical in the horror genre—the plush, but untouchable beauty of what is on screen can only provide sensual satisfaction by being destroyed. In The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, Argento confronted the erotic danger of his brand of cinema, leaping off from the dualism rife in Mario Bava’s films, by contrasting the face of female fear (Eva Renzi’s and Suzie Kendall’s) with one of female madness (Renzi’s again) as victim becomes villain. Argento often took the edge off the misogynistic air of his films by having female heroes and villains.

Bird’s narrative circles around an obsession with a naïf painting. Suspiria, on the other hand, is a naïf painting that places it ingénue heroines against backgrounds of primary colours. Argento surely influenced not just De Palma but also Kubrick (e.g., The Shining), in emphasising environment as a kind of high-décor trap of space and time.

In addition, there are none of the bluffs and games of Argento’s earlier films. Instead, Suspiria patterns itself after a fairy tale, down to aping the cute setting of Madeleine L’Engle’s books and stranding its heroines amidst a terrifying mystery. In the screenplay, the characters were originally supposed to be no more old than 12 years old, an element that was changed shortly before shooting to avoid the controversy the film’s violence might stir. Yet, Harper and her fellows are still babes in a very strange wood. Lake a far more interesting Harry Potter story, Suspiria manipulates the cosy/frightening duality of the boarding school mythos in a supernatural world. When the girls venture out of the security of their domiciles, they inevitably discover something horrifying and die horribly, like Sara, who tries with youthful ingenuity to work out where the teachers go every night by counting out their footsteps, only to end up being pursued by the hairy-armed demon with a straight razor.

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Argento’s progressive rock band Goblins provides the film’s relentlessly eerie score, which underscores even supposedly innocuous scenes, for example, when Sara and Suzy swim whilst discussing witches, as the camera evokes the same hovering menace that has already claimed Daniel (Flavio Bucci) the blind school pianist. (His seeing-eye dog bit Madame Blanc’s creepy nephew Albert [Jacopo Mariani]. Daniel is booted out, but his final threat [“I’m blind, not deaf!"] precipitates his death—the strange fluttering presence swooping over his head in an empty square, causing his dog to leap on him and tear his throat out. Argento’s vicious humour is at its most stinging in such scenes.)

But Suspiria is barely about its gore. It’s more about a mood of relentless unease. Like so many Italian horror films, the narrative imperative demands the heroine explore the increasingly mysterious bowels of the building at the centre of the narrative— a the labyrinth of the mind where psychology and sexuality become entrapped and septic, perhaps—and penetrate the heart of a deathless mystery. The heroes either escape or die trying (Mario Bava, in Lisa e il Diavolo, 1972, became one of the few directors to defy this sure ending, with the heroine falling prey to fate after escaping the trap). As Suzy follows the clues, she explores a shadowy realm of absurd beauty and menace and finally penetrates the inner sanctum of the witches just as they’re endeavouring to bring about her end by a hex. She retreats into a bedroom and hears that signature hoarse breathing of Helena Marcos, who mocks her (Daria Nicolodi, who cowrote the screenplay with Argento) before summoning Sara’s reanimated, knife-wielding corpse to take care of her. Yet in a moment of reflexive conciseness, Suzy stabs Markos in the neck (with the crystal plumage from a bird statuette, no less), causing Markos to expire, the rest of the coven to fall about in bleeding agony, and the Academy to begin crashing down around their ears in a final expulsion of utter malevolence.

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Argento’s careful use of colour, sound, and décor make him one of the few horror directors who has ever been able to evoke a truly powerful sense of atmosphere in an indisputably modern version of the genre—Suzy’s arrival in an airport with its drenching blues and reds and muted sound effects to her first journey through the Black Forest where plays of lightning briefly highlight the shape of something upon a tree trunk, and her final penetration of the Academy’s heart. Mood constantly trumps both plot and horror. Suspiria is a strange, beautiful, ugly dream. l

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The Mysterious Lady (1928)
Director: Fred Niblo

By Marilyn Ferdinand

In 1928, the silent film era was nearing its end, Greta Garbo was at the height of her popularity, and her frequent director, Fred Niblo, was four years from the end of his career. The Mysterious Lady, a fairly standard-issue Mata Hari story, paired Garbo, as Russian spy Tania Fedorova, with leading man Conrad Nagel, as Austrian officer Karl von Raden. Only the year before, Garbo repeated the great sensation she made with her Flesh and the Devil costar John Gilbert in Love. They were an electifying pair on screen, but Gilbert’s frequent dust-ups with studio head Louis B. Mayer brought his career to a premature end. As Garbo’s leading man in The Mysterious Lady, Nagel offers fans a rougher sexuality, one that helped Garbo reach further into a darker aspect of herself—moving from someone who is born evil (The Temptress, Flesh and the Devil) to one whose evil is pragmatic and ostensibly patriotic. The Mysterious Lady thus presents a certain evolution in the Garbo oeuvre, one that enhances her exoticism while allowing her to emotionally shade her shady ladies.

Niblo opens the films with a wonderful scene. Horse-drawn carriages bunched together, moving in and out of the frame in a dense tapestry, deposit their elegantly dressed passengers at the entrance of a Vienna opera house. Two soldiers, von Raden and his friend Max Heinrich (Albert Pollet), rush to the box office to buy tickets at the last minute. The performance is sold out. Just then, a man returns a ticket to the box office. He gives the pair a suspicious sidelong glance, but leaves quickly. The ticket clerk says he can sell the soldiers one ticket. Max insists that Karl take it; Max intends to let a few cabaret girls entertain him.

Max is seated in a box. In front of him is the sumptuous back of a woman leaning on the edge of the box, paying rapt attention to the singers on stage. He concentrates his gaze on her, her soft curls, her curved arms. During a brief lull in the action, she turns to him and says, “Franz, you’re very late." Surprised that he is not her cousin, she blushes. The pair are obviously attracted to each other, as they both squirm deliciously in their chairs, a really wonderful scene. The opera ends with the soprano dropping to her knees and moving toward the tenor in what looks like a declaration of love and plea for forgiveness.

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The woman leaves and goes outside, only to be greeted with heavy rains and no ride home. As she stands on the street in confusion, Karl catches up to her and offers to take her home. She accepts, and when they arrive, she invites him in. They drink cognac and chat. Then Karl sits down to play her piano. He reprises the theme from the last scene of the opera, and she sings it. He falls in love on the spot. In rough passion, he grabs her from behind. She turns and invites his kiss. It’s a wonderfully choreographed scene of seduction, moving from polite to alarming to passionate.

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Karl and Tania spend the next day in typical movie happiness—frolicking in nature. When their day is at its end, Karl tells Tania he must leave for Berlin for a short while. Tania wonders if there can again be days as wonderful as they have had. Karl vows to come back soon, and they will have many more such days. When he leaves, Tania goes inside and opens a letter. Someone named Boris tells her he misses her terribly. A rueful look crosses her face. Foreboding is in the air.

Karl picks up some important military plans from his superiors and is told by his Uncle Eric (Edward Connelly) that the woman he was seen with the previous night is a notorious Russian spy. Karl’s disbelief turns to anger. Karl boards the train and secures the documents in a briefcase. Tania bursts into his compartment from the adjoining compartment, telling him she had to see him one more time. He rebuffs her and accuses her of setting him up. She admits it, but says she really does love him and wants him to give her a chance. He becomes enraged. She says, “Don’t make me hate you, Karl," but nothing will get through to him. In the morning, he awakens and finds that the documents are missing. He is arrested, courtmartialed for treason, and thrown in prison. The rest of the film details his escape and his plot to track down Tania and recover the documents and his honor.

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There are so many wonderful moments in this film. For example, Karl’s public disgrace is really excruciating to watch. The ritual—broken sword, removal of all signs of rank and medals of accomplishment, and finally, cutting of buttons from the uniform coat—is done with precision and a horrible coldness we don’t feel Karl deserves. In another memorable scene, Boris (Gustav von Seyffertitz), Tania’s lover in waiting (it appears they have never had sex), throws her a birthday party. The camera movements for the party are done in standard movie language—close-up on a tray of champagne glasses opening up to the party full of guests laughing, talking, and dancing. But a titillating undercurrent moves through this swirl as Karl, posing as a professional musician, sits down at the piano with his stack of music. A quick glance at Boris and then at Tania sets up the major tension for the remainder of the film. In a nice double exposure, we see Karl’s thoughts as his image gets up from the piano bench and strangles Tania, who is standing next to him singing.

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Garbo is excellent throughout. She wears little make-up in her opening appearance, looking fresh and innocently lovely. Her flirtation with Nagel at her home is perfectly orchestrated—step close, move back, circle around a table to pour a drink. When she is cornered by Boris, who has had her watched ever since he discovered that von Raden was on the premises, her fear and confusion are those of a wild animal. She has no plan for escape—indeed, probably knows there is no hope of it—but keeps working selflessly to free Karl, wondering all the while whether he plans to take his revenge on her or believes that she loves him. It’s a real tour de force that is a pleasure to watch.

The film is part of a recently issued Turner Classic Movies collection of Garbo films. It was scored by TCM’s 2000 Young Film Composers Contest Winner, Vivek Maddala. I thought his score was a bit cheesy in spots, particularly his sentimentality during the love scenes, but the love theme from the opera that recurs when Tania thinks of Karl is touching. The film from which the DVD was made was in a poor condition in parts, particularly the first reel, but it’s all there and visible even through the scratches and pops. This film is a must-see for Garbo fans, and well worth any film lovers’ time. l

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The Long Memory (1952)
Director: Robert Hamer

By Roderick Heath

The great works of British film noir are far less well-known than the American, but it was one of the few genres that thrived for the British film industry after the war, providing a thankful counterpoint to all the stoic, heroic war films. Carol Reed’s The Third Man (1949) is the stand-out, given a mighty boost in notoriety thanks to its Graham Greene screenplay and American stars. But British film noir is a rich seam of the lode. Where the expressionism-stoked American noirs of the ‘40s pushed towards hyper-stylisation and neurotic intensity, the British genre is far more restrained and naturalistic, absorbing the lessons of neorealism. If the American films are driven chiefly by sexual anxiety, with the proliferation of femme fatales, and barbed portraits of the American dream of power and money, the British films tend to be about ordinary people put through the torment of having their sense of stability drop out about them. Hitchcock, of course, was the first major British director to riff on those themes, but Brit-Noir would take it in different directions. A startling number of Brit-Noir films feature a finale where the villain or hero—it doesn’t matter much which—is, like Harry Lime, hunted into a tighter and tighter corner by relentless authority.

The Long Memory portrays Britain as it was then—depressed, hungry, worn out by war, and full of the poor, dispossessed, transient, and criminal. It’s a portrait of a world in which London as one of the world’s busiest portsthat’s not so long past and yet vanished. The Long Memory was Robert Hamer’s follow-up to the success of Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), the signal Ealing comedy and one of the driest black comedies ever made. Hamer wrote the script with Frank Harvey, adapted from a novel by Howard Clewes. At first glance, the about-face from a period satire to a contemporary thriller is startling, but both films are most definitely about trying to survive in a world that is set up not to care about you, fuelled by the hypocritical divides of English society, a drama of insiders and outsiders. It’s also riddled with Hamer’s richly understated humour. John Mills plays Phillip Davidson, just released from an eight-year stretch in prison for murder. Looking for a place to be forgotten by the world, he holes up in an abandoned barge laid up in mud in the Thames estuary, with only a wandering hermit, who claims ownership of the barges, as his unwelcome company.

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But Phillip has a mission. He wants to track down the people responsible for his imprisonment—Captain Driver (Fred Johnson), his daughter Fay (Elizabeth Sellers), and Tim Pewsie (John Slater)—who stitched him up for the murder of the malignant people-trafficker Boyd (John Chandos) to hide their own involvement in Boyd’s crimes. Boyd had actually clubbed one of his customers over the head in a fight over payment, and then seemed to drown when Driver’s boat caught fire and sank. Only one charred body was found, and the guilty trio reported only Boyd was present and that Phillip killed Boyd in a fight. Phillip was only present to ask the Captain if he could marry Fay.

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After his release, Phillip finds that Captain Driver drank himself to death, Fay has married the detective on the case, Bob Lowther (John McCallum), and become a middle-class housewife, and Pewsey, a middle-aged wreck, has recently left his own wife (Thora Hird) for a younger mistress (Mary Mackenzie). Phillip also soo